What Is Literature and Why Do We Study It? • Literature can be – Make up that tells a story, dramatizes a situation, conveys emotions, evaluates and recommends ideas – Helps all of us grow in person and intellectually – Provides an objective base for understanding and understanding – Styles our goals and beliefs by making clear our own details, both favorably and negatively – Literary works makes us human. Styles • Several genres of literature: – Prose fictional • Misguided beliefs, parables, romances, novels, short stories – Poetry • Open contact form and shut form • Relies on symbolism, figurative terminology, sound – Drama.
• Composed of dialogue and set direction • Designed to end up being performed – non-fiction the entire • Media reports, characteristic articles, works, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works Guidelines to get Reading Books • Initially reading – Determine what is happening, where, what, who is included, major characters – Make a record of the reactions and responses – Describe characterizations, events, tactics and concepts • Second reading – Trace developing patterns – Write widened notes about characters, circumstances, actions – Write paragraph describing your reactions and thoughts – Write down questions that arise as you read (in the margins)
Writing a Precis • Precis = a succinct summary sama dengan paraphrase – Retell the highlights so reader will be aware of main parts – Only essential specifics – they need to be right and appropriate – Has to be an original dissertation, written in your words – Be sure to bring in the title and author – Avoid decision – Work with present tight when retelling a story Aspects of Fiction • Essence of fiction = narration (the telling) • Elements of hype = verisimilitude and donnee – Verisimilitude = realistic look • Should be compelling enough that the target audience can “suspend disbelief” – Donnee = premise • Something given by which you can evaluate the realistic look = rules.
• Sources of elements – Character, story, structure, idea, symbolism, design, point of view, tone, irony Plot and Structure • Storyline = representation of determination and causing – Simply no plot = The ruler died and then the california king died. – Plot = The ruler died, and after that the full died of grief. • Conflict = controlling instinct in a connected pattern of causes and effects – Opposition of two or more persons (e. g., hatred, covet, anger, discussion, avoidance, chat, lies, struggling with, etc . ) • Situation = Turmoil within or for one person – Conflict is actually a major element of plot as it arouses interest, causes.
question, creates stress, produces curiosity – Zero tension = no fascination Structure of Fiction • Structure describes the layout with the work Crisis Complication Climaxing Exposition Image resolution (denouement) One more structural component used occasionally = Flashback Characters in Fiction • Character = verbal portrayal of a man – Rounded = realistic, full, active, reader can predict long term behavior due to an understanding of the personality – Protagonist = the main character or heroine, main person in the tale, person on the quest, etc . – Villain = anyone causing the conflict, towards the leading part, the obstacle, etc .
– Flat = no expansion, static – Stock = representative of a bunch or category (stereotypical) – Characters revealed through • • • • • Actions Information, both personal and environmental Dramatic assertions and thoughts Statements by simply other character types Statements by author speaking as storyteller, or viewer – Character types need to have verisimilitude, be probable or credible Point of View • Refers to speaker, narrator, identity or tone created by the author to share with the story • Point of view will depend on two elements: – Physical situation in the narrator while an observer – Speaker’s intellectual and emotional situation • • • •
First person = I, all of us Second person = You (uncommon) Third person sama dengan He, your woman, they (most common) Viewpoint may be: – Dramatic/objective = strictly confirming – Omniscient = all-knowing – Limited omniscient = some understanding Setting • Setting = a work’s natural, created, political, ethnical and temporal environment, including everything that personas know and own (place, time, objects) • Significant purpose sama dengan to establish realism or verisimilitude, and to organize a story • Setting assists create ambiance or mood • Establishing may strengthen characters and theme, in order to establish objectives that are the alternative of what occurs sama dengan irony.
Develop and Style • Tone sama dengan methods with which writers and speakers disclose attitudes or feelings • Style sama dengan ways in which copy writers assemble phrases to tell the story, to develop an argument, dramatize the play, compose the poem – Range of words in the service of content • Essential aspect of style is diction – Formal = regular or elegant words – Neutral sama dengan everyday common vocabulary – Informal = colloquial, substandard language, slang Tone and elegance (cont’d) • Language could possibly be:
– – – – Specific = images General = extensive classes Concrete floor = features of instant perception Abstract = larger, less tangible qualities • Denotation = word symbolism • Connotation = term suggestions • Verbal paradox = contradictory statements – One thing stated, opposite is intended – Paradox = �pigramme, parody, sarcasm, double entendre • Tiefstapelei = will not fully illustrate the importance of the situation – deliberately • Hyperbole (overstatement) = phrases far more than the situation Symbolism and Whodunit
• Symbolism and allegory are methods that increase meaning • Symbol creates a direct, meaningful equation between: – A unique object, scene, character, or perhaps action – Ideas, ideals, persons or perhaps ways of existence • Emblems may be: – Cultural (universal) = known by most literate persons (e. g., white in cui, color black) – Contextual (authorial) sama dengan private, created by the creator Symbolism and Allegory (cont’d) • Type is a mark = complete and self-sufficient narrative (e. g., “Young Goodman Brown”) • Fable = reports about family pets that own human attributes (e. g., Aesop’s Fables)
• Parable = whodunit with ethical or spiritual bent (e. g., Biblical stories) • Myth = story that embodies and codifies spiritual, philosophical and cultural values of the world in which it truly is composed (e. g., George Washington cutting up down the cherry tree) • Allusion sama dengan the use of other culturally well=known works through the Bible, Traditional and Roman mythology, well-known art, and so forth Idea or Theme • Idea = results of general and abstract considering • Literature embodies principles along with ideas – In literary works, ideas connect with meaning, presentation, explanation and significance – Ideas are vital to an understanding and gratitude of literature.
• Ideas are not as apparent as personality or establishing. It is important to consider the meaning of what you’ve examine and then develop an informative and comprehensive assertion. • Theme can be obtained from any of these: – – – – – Direct assertions by the authorial voice Direct statements by a first-person presenter Dramatic claims by heroes Figurative terminology, characters who stand for concepts The work by itself.
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