Hiv aids in nigeria essay

2 . 0INTRODUCTION HIV/AIDs has been ranked among the common disease of all times that may be threatening all of us with the annihilation of young ones and adults. It is not just terrorizing the whole generation yet also kills and leaves millions of orphans for the oldest grandparent to carter for.

installment payments on your 1HIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA

In accordance to USAID brief (2004), Nigerian epidemic is characterized by one of the most speedily increasing prices of new HIV/AIDS cases in West The african continent. Adult HIV prevalence improved from 1 . 8% 20 years ago to 5.

8% in 2001. This kind of infection charge, although less than that of nearby African countries should be considered in the context of Nigeria’s fairly among populace of approximately 117 million, the joint United Nations programme about HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) by the end of 2001. HIV prevalence over the world attending continental clinic in 1999 rose via less 1% to 21%. Among love-making workers in Lagos. HIV prevalence increased from 2% in 1988-89 to 12% in 1990-91 by 1995-96 up to 70% of sex workers tested positive.

USAID Brief (2004) further elaborates that current projections display an increase in the number of new SUPPORTS cases from 250, 500 in 2k to fish hunter 360, 000 simply by 2006.

As a result of the epidemic the crude loss of life rate in Nigeria involved 20% bigger in 2150 than in 1990. In 2001 alone 169, 000 adults and children died of AIDS towards the end of 2001, UNAIDS predicted that you million children orphaned by simply AIDS had been living in Nigeria.

USAID Simple (2004) further added that several elements have contributed to the speedy of HIV in Nigeria. These include lovemaking networking procedures such as polygamy, a high frequency of without treatment sexually, sent infection (STI’S), low condom, poverty, low literacy, poor health status, low status of ladies stigmatizing, and denial of HIV disease risk among vulnerable, groups. Nigeria can be described as complex blend of diverse cultural groups, vocabulary, cultures, faith based and regional groupings all of which are significant challenge pertaining to HIV avoidance programmes.

A number of countries in Africa with previously low infected quantities are now suffering from serious crisis. It is spreading like crazy fire huge numbers of people in countryside areas in certain African countries have not read about HIV/AIDS and a very high percentage of our sexually potent inhabitants between the precariously ignorant about it (Nuhu 2002).

Laura (2002) opined that HIV/AIDS since potentially global biological holocaust which is yet to attract the complete sustained through a recent study concluded that most of the people still doubt the true living of HIV/AIDS virus. Others claim that The almighty has already most likely going the ways of each one’s fatality, epidemic which includes already almost affected the bigger population with the expected frontrunners of the next day and not only perform they make in the population of the work force, but in reality represent the strength of the nation and her expect the next generation offers young men and ladies buried daily resulting from unforeseen death, due to the lethal virus. Mainly because many people obey their very own sexual urges therefore easily and indulge in per-or, extra-marital relationships. While fresh boys and girls take pleasure in experimental love-making to test their state of maturity.

Gilberto (2003) mentions that nearly all Nigeria, trado-medical herbal doctors will be claiming to obtain cure of HIV/AIDS images of lovemaking transmitted disease and the subjects are often displayed to public claiming that the untreated STDs will be the causes of Supports virus. Although many important inquiries about the disease cannot but be responded but particular facts demand very clear course of action by government authorities. Medical facilitates is very required but medical support by itself will not prevent the continuous spread with the epidemic. The federal and state government need to take a few public health procedures immediately. Either by figuring out and isolating carriers unity is guaranteed that they are will no longer capable of transmitting the virus or provisions of diagnostic and treatment centre for the victims or correct having less adequate general public sanitation, boost levels of nutrition’s and the reputation of the distributed of HELPS and the specific abstinence by reckless luxury within the communities as the sole solution to the courage.

Gilberto (2003) further more opined that recognized AIDS victims who are cared for nastily and viewed as living corps, the are usually turned down by close friends and sometimes denied by family and out rightly miserable of their ways of livelihood should be discouraged, while this certain to cause serious obstacles or frustration in their attempts to combat the virus already consuming deep within their immune devices. It is important for individuals father and mother, guardians and NGO’s to increase up and face the challenges of the murderous motives of Supports virus but not the patients or else, HIV/AIDS virus subjects would carry on and go into covering for anxiety about not being treated as outcast and afterwards deliberately spreading it to innocent people before their own time.

installment payments on your 2HIV/AIDS: A DEVELOPMENT CONCERN Macintyre Kate Lisanne and Steven (2003) are of the view that; HIV/AIDS was conceived of as a ailment, and was separated in the general expansion context ” it was problems to be worked clearly by health professionals. It is now clearly that the HIV epidemic is clearly associated with and exacerbated by the wider difficult to advancement poverty, food and child years insecurity and gender inequality. The systemic effects of the condition are inarguable. A holistic method of programming is needed in order to address the effects of the pandemic, particularly on marginalized communities.

Macintyre, Kate, Lisanne and Steven (2003) additional said that: if perhaps individuals are unaware of the methods of transmission plus the mechanism to lessen vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection rates enhance. Lack of usage of health care the necessity to generate income which usually sometime results in engaging in unsafe commercial sexual intercourse ” and inability to negotiate power relation with respect to sexual practice also written for the rise of infections.

According to Sussan (2002) the HIV/AIDS pandemics is definitely closely from the availability of simple services, just like health care and education, also to economic infrastructure such as the potential or not enough sufficient salary through traditional or modern mean, which include agriculture and education and also to the personal strength of women and girls.

2 . 2 . 1POLITICS AND ECONOMY

Muyidan (2004), claimed that; external debt and strength adjustment policies imposed by IMF and World Financial institution often have bad impacts about developing countries due to the have to reduce condition spending, control inflation and reform their very own economies. This may lead to a reduction in supply of standard social solutions, such as education, health care and rural file format services, giving poor people, particularly epidemic. And individuals are a lot more unalterable if they are unaware of the strategy of transmitting or the components to reduce contraction of HIV. Poor health providers result in a lack of treatment to get sexually indication, and eventually lack of treatment for AIDS related condition. The constriction of basic social services as a response to structural adjusting, policies have got serious implications for areas vulnerable to HIV infection.

In respect to Sussan (2000) globalization can impact on developing countries competitiveness in the international noticeable. Demands to get rid of trade limitations and lift up tariffs can seriously impact prices intended for primary create. And impact on the sustenance of college students who may depend on the sale of extra production for family’s endurance income low self-esteem may inspire labour immigration in search of profits alternative dealing strategies including prostitution and also other activities which will further the spread of infection.

In respect to Ogunyombo (2003) work migration is often a response to the consequences of poor infrastructure in rural areas. Lack of secure livelihoods encourages the migration of family members (predominantly to urban centers) looking for paid work. Generally, mate family member migrate and therefore are then susceptible, to related social issues such as multiple sexual lovers or joining prostitutes, increasing their probabilities HIV infection and, eventually, increasing the danger that they will transmit the disease to their wives, that have remained inside the rural community.

2 . installment payments on your 3SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONCERN

Nasir (2002) asserts that, gender inequality leaves women and girl particular vulnerable to HIV infection because of unequal electrical power relations among men and women. It is exceedingly difficult for female or young ladies to work out safe sexual with resisting mate upon both physical and ethnic levels. Their particular husbands of adultery, additional exacerbating all their vulnerability to physical or perhaps economics maltreatment, often believe women who propose the use of condoms. The traditional distribution of work means that can certainly works burden will increase as they are required to maintain sick members of the family as well as carry on and work in the fields, having cater and search for cooking food fuel.

Khadijat (2003) is in the view that inheritance privileges differ with geography, although women are often landless minus assets should their husbands died. This lacks of security may invoke other coping strategies such as prostitution, increasing all their vulnerability to and transmission of HIV infection. Usually, widows will be married by way of a husband’s sibling or fired to consolidate the chemical substance the break down to the buddy or good friend and finally his other wives.

installment payments on your 2 . 4HIV/AIDS POVERTY

Rothethenberg (2004) opined that: in both the producing world and industrialized countries, those who are marginalized are many vulnerable to HIV infection, the effect of HELPS on their livelihood and households is severe poverty is not limited to developing areas; it is a global problem, skilled in both urban and rural residential areas of the developing world. Similar issues, including lack of entry to basic social services which includes education and health care and issues of income low self-esteem discrimination and feelings of powerless, happen to be faced simply by all choices, may turn to high risk coping mechanisms. Programs aimed at securing the sustenance of marginalized communities in industrialized countries will also show beneficial in struggle against HIV/AIDS.

2 . 2 . 5The RURAL/URBAN ISSUE

HIV/AIDS was considered and urban issue; transmission just visited its maximum rates of infection equaling those on the urban centers. Transmission rate are exacerbated when rural-urban linkages are strengthened through improved travel; road system, schools trade and marketing centers, plus the migration of family members to worm (Ogunyombo).

Ogunyombo (2003) further explained that, seldom is farming mechanized in developing countries ” residential areas depend on the availability of local labour for his or her survival. Household security in rural areas is consequently particularly prone to the effects of HIV/AIDS especially with esteem to the supply of labour.

2 . 3ALTERNATIVES PERTAINING TO AIDS IN NIGERIA

Nigeria is considered the most heavily populated in Sub-Saharan African, and HIV/AIDS can be a huge public health issue. In Nigeria, orthodox management of HIV and AIDS is within line with the standard practice worldwide. The majority of the anti-HIV medicines like the change transcriptase blockers and the protease inhibitors happen to be largely readily available. Most Nigerian’s are so poor and the anti-HIV drugs and so expensive the fact that drug may as well be no (Chibuzo, 2002).

2 . 3. 1ANY NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE

Relating to Michael jordan (2004) given the problem of cost, a fantastic need exists for an alternative solution approach to resolving the HIV and AIDs problem. In Nigeria, culture, expects visitors to be healthier, willing and able to job. People with HIV and HELP cannot accomplish this demand. In Nigeria, we have zero effective social security assistance for the welfare of folks that cannot support themselves, and so people explore alternative solutions.

Michael (2004) further described that: individuals with AIDS bring a huge sociable stigma in Nigeria. Few people will not move hands with someone who that they know is usually HIV contaminated. This maintains financial impoverishment because after they lose their particular jobs it is difficult to acquire another. In Nigeria. They each boast feats perceived as not possible by orthodox medicine these are the long readily available savior’s for Nigeria helpless citizens whom are infected with HIV.

2 . several. 2SPIRITUAL HOMES AND CHAPELS

Chibuzo (2002) assert that; ever since Nigeria’s orthodox inside community designated. HIV and AIDS is usually incurable, thousands of people who besieged spiritual house and churches in search of amazing healing. Various Nigerians is convinced that HIV/AIDS have a spiritual dimension and that the condition could be induced in an specific as a result of strike by evil supernatural forces. Because of this, a lot of people feel most suitable place to get the treatment of HIV and SUPPORTS is spiritual and Churches. A couple of confident result have purportedly comes forth from a few of these spiritual homes. Some individuals with hope have apparently had all their AIDS treated and their HIV status altered. Some sufferers have gone television set to reinforcement these says and some of these brandish reaction to laboratory testing conducted before and after the wonders healing. This continues to create deep controversy in Nigeria; social circle since an ever-increasing number of still search for solution.

2 . a few. 3AFRICAN CLASSIC HEALERS African herbs traditional healers even now attend a number of medical challenges in countryside areas of Nigeria. Their presence to HIV and HELPS cases is also due to the link that has been structured on the lay down public among HIV and evil spirit (Tommy 2004).

Tommy (2004) Additional explained that, they make use of undisclosed herbs concoctions and charms together with ritual ” worships and animal sacrifice to recover their sufferers. Patients at times report a marked improvement in their symptoms but as there is little or no documents, the claims of get rid of symptoms alleviation are not substantiated.

2 . a few. 4HOMOEOPATHE

According to Chibuzo (2002) Nigerians also use the service of homoeopaths ” self proclaimed doctors with little or no medical training. These kinds of homoeopaths state extensive and frequently exhaustive knowledge of all human being disease and always emphasized that most ailments possess a defined cure. They may be unique in this they appear to practice a crossbreed of orthodox Pseudo-orthodox, classic and spiritual medicine some prescriptions incorporate common substance with believed but as but unconfirmed medical value such as garlic, aloevera, and mistletoe to quite bizarre kinds like urine therapy.

Chibuzo (2002) further more buttress that: the appeal is the measure of hope that they instill in psyche in the patient. Towards the person with AIDS he or she has offered a definitive cure where the orthodox doctor offers offered a bit more than palliative treatment.

installment payments on your 3. 5THE PEUDO-ORTHODOX

The foremost controversial of all the alternative options for handling HIV and AIDS is exactly what we consider as the Pseudo-orthodox alternative. This is as a result of its distinct feature, namely that of an orthodox practitioner with a great unorthodox approach to health care delivery and technological innovations (Tommy 2004).

Tommy (2004) even more buttress an explanatory example as follows: in the late 1990, a Nigeria doctor Jeremiah Abalaka of the medicrest clinic Abuja announced in the Nigeria press that this individual has brought up a lot of preventive and curative vaccine for HIV virus. This raised a whole lot of concerns in Nigeria medical circles, the first was about your decision to announce this meant scientific discovery in the web pages of community newspapers within a country exactly where medical burnals are published and medical congresses happen to be held regularly. The second was for the proof and evidence that such a vaccine acquired actually recently been developed which it proved helpful. To the initially question, Abalaka himself as well as of his apostles although that his ideas would be stolen if he made a decision to put it through this scientific method. In answer to the 2nd question, the Nigerian authorities constituted a panel composed of respected medical experts under the dual auspices from the Nigeria medical association as well as the Nigeria Academy of research. Their mission was to verify Abalaka’s promises.

Although their particular report which will did not favor Abalaka’s promises was posted and partly published it has remained a source of controversy. Numerous statements in support of the Abalaka shot come from a number of source including the Nigerian Military and a couple of private well being outfits. Recently, information inside the Nigerian mass media about Abalaka’s vaccine has become scarce, although some unconfirmed report maintains he still conducts. The shot at his clinic in Abuja. Tommy (2004).

Tommy (2004) further opined that; whether these alternative views are useful and in a position of aiding is debatable but they will stay as long as big difference exists upon people’s understanding and understanding of health issues spiritually and medically. Though alternative remedies seem to be needed, current proof does not apparently justify their particular existence.

Finally Tommy (2004) opined that: the promises and table claims can be a calculated attempt to exploit dispensation, ignorance and fear.

2 . 3. 6ALTERNATIVE CURE In respect to Aloosika (2003) AIDs virus continues to be described by scientists as being a biological holocaust that posed depopulate this generations staff members, social and economic advancement. Nuclear experts and medical personnel have been researching to find vaccine due to the permanent get rid of but with little or no success whatsoever. According to 2003 year Book of science as well as the future.

The sole meaningful achievement in drug science has gone out break was in 1987, the moment Aziduth Mdine (AZI), which has been, said help slow the devastating reaction, and imitation of HIV-virus in the body was discovered. It had been also to become very effective however, many patients can alternate having a compound called dideoxy-Cytidine (DDC) “the drug in conjunction with the previous was considered to be able to slower the multiplication and reaction of the virus in the body although can not reduce it complete.

According to Gallo (1987), the finding of HIV as mentioned in the year 2003 year publication of technology and the long term. “Anti HIV/AIDS drugs may create even more problems than they solve the long term cure to HIV/AIDS virus presently, can be death because no one offers ever been remedied of incompletely in the history of its disastrous existence (Michael 2004).

Further more assert that, all those claiming permanent cure to AIDs should be held guilty of the worst bogus claim in medical history mainly because, most victims treated by them do actually increase but later on developed into more complex HIV/AIDS virus sickness, this happen 6 (6) to eight (8) months of discharge coming from treatment which are often at incredibly exorbitant price. Therefore , everyone must abstain from mall dangerous illicit sexuality ask the best prevention which can be better than cure.

2 . 4INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE HIV/AIDS STIGMA

2 . 5INTRODUCTION Judgment and splendour relating to HIV/AIDS (AID stigma) undermines public health efforts to combat the epidemic (Malcolm 198, USAID 2003). AIDS stigma, adversely effects preventative behavior, proper care seeking patterns upon medical diagnosis, quality of care give HIV great patients, and perception and treatment of people leaving with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) by areas, families and partners (Gerbert 1991, Herek, 2000). One of the most surprising portions of AIDS judgment is to its ubiquitous nature even in which the epidemic can be widespread and affecting lots of people, such as in Sub “Saharan Africa. Therefore , as many inside the HIV/AIDS community note, lessening AIDS stigma is a vital step in stemming the pandemic (Came about 2002; Malcolm 1998: USAIDS 2003). Given this situation, it is essential that treatment that properly reduce SUPPORTS stigma be identified and implemented.

2 . 4. 2STIGMATIZATION OR DISCRIMINATION

The HIV/AIDs pandemic has evoked an array of reactions via individuals, areas and even international locations; from sympathy and patient to quiet, denial, fear and even assault stigma is a crucial factor in the type and degree of the reactions to this pandemic (Malcolm 1998). We know a smaller amount about the amount and causes of silence a great denials than we know about violent, inhospitable, or isolationist reactions. Physical harm of PLHA have been documented in various reports via developing countries (USAID, 2004).

According to Ogunyombo (2003) probably probably the most publicized occasions occurred in a Urban township in 1998, when Gugu Dlamini, on HELPS activist, was killed by members of her isolated event, this highlight the consequences of AIDS stigma, level of involvement necessary to decrease stigma.

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