Mushroom farming essay

AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA VOL. forty (3) 2007 MUSHROOM DEVELOPING WITH INFORMATION SUPPORT AS OPPORTUNITY FOR THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VOSTROVSKY Versus., JABLONSKA Electronic. Abstract This information describes the potential of the mushroom growing with information help in the growing countries. Mushrooms growing can be a big chance for the growing countries. Incredibly suitable first and foremost can be the oyster mushroom growing. The successful oyster mushroom growing in growing countries will be needing a reasonable information support.

This kind of support can be performed simply by combination of ELearning and expert systems among others. Such solutions can be used one example is at talking to centres of developing countries for creating of the oyster mushrooms. These types of features will be demonstrated at the example of the mushroom gaining China and Kenya. Keywords: knowledge, professional system, eLearning, expert eLearning, developing countries, Oyster mushroom growing, squander management ADVANTAGES Growing mushrooms can be a big opportunity for the developing countries. Very ideal above all could be the oyster mushroom growing.

There are a few special advantages of the mushroom growing in the developing countries: ¢ large quantity of herb waste for the substrate (straw, corn cobs, bagasa, sawdust, plants stalks and also other agricultural and forest waste can be used to increase mushrooms), ¢ mushroom growing can solve problem with the protein meals insufficiency and starvation, ¢ it can maximize insufficiency of the job possibilities, ¢ costly mechanisation could be compensated by cheap personnel. The market for mushrooms continues to grow due to desire for their culinary arts, nutritional, and health benefits.

They also show likelihood of use in waste materials management. Importance of the mushrooms is pursuing: ¢ Mushrooms have very good nutritional value. ¢ Mushrooms offer high numbers of protein, minor elements, vitamin supplements and amino acids (white switch mushrooms, for instance , contain even more protein than kidney coffee beans. ¢ Mushrooms are the one of a kind health foodstuff. Most of them include natural anti-viral and immunity-boosting proper-ties that are used to combat viruses, lower cholesterol and control blood pressure. ¢ Mushrooms will be ecologically important. Mycelium in substrate can be active in remediation of contaminated soil.

These opportunities can be shown on the oyster mushroom gaining China. The mushroom farming in Chinese suppliers has a lasting tradition. Mushrooms have been produced there for hundreds of years. This utilizes supplies of cheap time, sufficiency of the matter intended for substrates and popularity in the Oriental board. The following table and graphs demonstrate the mushroom growing level in China: Mushroom growing can be a important method accustomed to fight low income and malnourishment. It can make cultivation more efficient and make money intended for farmers.

One example is there was understood a project in 1989 to help clients in low income stricken regions of China discover how to grow mushrooms for self-supply. In Shouling county in Fujian, there were many persons living under the poverty series. 94% from the families were involved in to the project. Since then, mushroom fostering in that county has become a lot more economically significant. The occupants are now rising from serious poverty (Oei, 1996). Another proof of the economic potential of mushroom growing on developing countries is project in oyster mushroom development targeted for small-scale farmers in Kisumu (Kenya 2004).

In Drive 2005, a demon-stration about oyster mushroom production and processing was conducted in Busia and attended by 250 parti-cipants. Mary Kariaga, who took part in this task, produced one hundred twenty kg of oyster mushroom in a small room making money of KSh 37, 630 (i. electronic. 5000 $) in only three months (Giarratano, Riley, 1998). MATERIAL AND STRATEGIES Mushroom production is on the other hand labour and expertly intense. It requires a lot of knowledge, research, planning and capital expenditure to set up a production system.

The main disadvantage of the oyster mushroom growing in the producing countries may be the lack of the essential information methods. The oyster mushroom growing can be complicated by the subsequent factors: one hundred twenty AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA VOL. forty five (3) 2007 Bacteria The most common bacterial trouble encountered by growers is definitely Pseudomonas tolaasii. Infected mushrooms have a lower shelf life. Lowering r. h. to more than 80%, and scattering the surface of the luggage between eliminates with zero. 2 percent bleach option may help maintain control.

Fungii The majority of fungi found in oyster mushroom creation grow and develop for the substrate and are also very rarely parasitic. Deformed fruit bodies Deformed mushrooms may result from several causes, some of them still unknown. However , most deformed mushrooms may be followed to too little light and ventilation, substance vapours and overheated base during spawn run. Air-borne spores Just one mushroom may possibly produce approximately 4 , 000, 000 spores each hour. Inhaled spores can cause a great allergic reaction in a few growers (Oei, 1996). New developed sporeless strains can solve that problem.

The growers require the appropriate details and expertise to solve these kinds of problems. The successful oyster mushroom growing in developing countries will need an acceptable information support. This support may be performed by combination of ELearning and expert systems among others. E-learning E-learning is an efficient use of information technologies (IT) in personal training process. It is available on the internet, intranets, extranets (online) or perhaps CD and DVD (offline). It can support traditional learning and can be sometimes cheaper and faster (Kontis, 2007).

This kind of part of the recommended information support for oyster mushroom developing can make accessible the necessary details to users. ELearning has its own advantages and disadvantages over traditional educating. There are some advantages: ¢ E-learning course isn’t just text and pictures transformed to electronic type. Through a number of multimedia things (video, sound, simulation) could be learning even more understanding. ¢ In fewer developed countries with fewer literacy is achievable to use even more speech, photos and video. ¢ Not necessarily necessary to start this course for a number of students ” students can perform individually. Pupils can study when they need it and when most suitable option concentrate. ¢ Student provides own pace of research. ¢ Pupil can assessment course or its component. ¢ Instructors do not spend time in echoing the same classes in classes. ¢ Queries and checks are important a part of eLearning program ” through a number of concerns, simulations and tests students are getting active in the training which in turn significantly increases their power to remember issues (Kontis, 2007). ¢ Training can be current, extended and modified very easily. E-learning needs other cash investing to produce courses, implement management system and so forth

There are particular Learning Managing Systems (LMS) for helping e-learning (WebCT, LearningSpace, Moodle etc . ), but it is not necessary to use LMS. PowerPoint is the extremely popular tool intended for building e-learning courses. It is used like a powerful and efficient e-learning development environment. The eLearning main drawback is that the user has to have the access to pc. For example , the most up-to-date estimates indicate that Kenya has Net penetration of 4. 4%, more than one thousand cyber eateries, computer transmission of 2%, television penetration of 60% and mobile phone penetration of 16% (MIT Media Clinical, 2007).

Nevertheless , this situation techniques forward. This kind of disadvantage could be solved simply by buildingup of training centres in the developing countries. The following effort can solve this problem. Mass media Lab with the Massachusetts Commence of Technology, along with the Globe Bank, plans to provide a hundred buck laptop to numerous millions of users in producing countries. Additionally it is a huge responsibility, to make sure that the initiative really does help users to learn, in ways that are matched up to their needs, interests and cultures (MIT Media Laboratory, 2007).

The computer technology are not sufficient, in case the appropriate information resources will not be accessible as well. The raising importance of the eLearning in developing countries can be documented by 2nd International Seminar on ICT for Expansion, Education and Training, Nairobi, Kenya Might 2007. Conference the network needs from the Pan-African eLearning and length education sector, the gross annual eLearning The african continent conference (eLA) is the key network venue to get practitioners and professionals coming from Africa and everything over the world.

You will discover main facts: eLA is definitely the largest gathering of eLearning and range education pros in The african continent, enabling participants to develop multinational and cross-industry contacts and partnerships, along with enhance their understanding, expertise, and abilities (eLearning Africa, 2007). Expert devices The second element of the suggested solution produces an expert system. Expert systems are element of general category of computer applications known as man-made intelligence. An experienced system is a category of computer system programs produced by researches in artificial intelligence during the 1970s and used commercially throughout the 1980s.

In essence, they are courses made up of a collection of rules that analyze information (usually given by the user from the system) of a specific class of challenges, as well as provide analysis of the problem(s), and, depending 121 AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA VOL. forty (3) 2007 upon their very own design, recommend a span of user action in order to put into action corrections (Quimio, Chang, 1990). The experienced systems have increased productivity in corporate, ecology, medical diagnosis, sociable sphere plus the military. These kinds of systems may be applied for the oyster mushroom growing too.

The typical experienced system includes ¢ expertise base, ¢ inference engine and ¢ explanation services. The knowledge basic is the most important portion of the whole answer, which implicates his total quality. This kind of base contains the knowledge with which the inference engine attracts conclusions (Giarratano, Riley, 1998). The basic system of a suggested solution can be shown in Fig. 4. The professional systems are generally designed to have following general characteristics: ¢ High performance. The system must by simply capable of responding for a level of competency equal to or much better than of an expert in the field. Adequate response time. The system should also perform in a reasonable amount of time, comparable to or perhaps better than enough time required by simply an expert to succeed in a decision. ¢ Good trustworthiness. The qualified system should be reliable but not prone to crasher or it will not be used. ¢ Understandable. The program should be able to explain the steps of its reasoning while doing so that it is definitely understandable (Holsapple, Whinston, 1996). Expert program, as a component of the suggested information support, enables experienced consultation in the oyster mushroom growing challenges to nearly all people.

To illustrate such qualified consultation we will suppose the following knowledge: If the fruits bodies from the oyster mushrooms are miss formed, it bodies have long stipes and dwarfed huts and so they look like around the picture, after that cause is usually insufficient lighting of traditions during fruit bodies? creation. The following guideline will correspond with the previously discussed knowledge: In case the fruit bodies of the oyster mushrooms are miss produced AND the fruits bodies have long stapes AND the fruit bodies include dwarfed huts AND they look like on the photo THEN trigger is not enough illumination of culture during fruitbodies? evelopment. The qualified consultation with the proposed answer is displayed in Fig. 6. The person can be relocated into theoretical part of the eLearning application for more detailed info relating to the found remedy. CONCLUSION The the oyster mushrooms growing in developing countries can be difficult by range of the problems. To solve these complications needs the correct information support. Proposed conception of experienced ELearning information support will need to provide to its users: o long time education, o all time info resource, to expert discussion of the practical growing challenges.

The proposed information support of the oyster muschroom developing has the subsequent benefits: ¢ the availability in the saved data and expertise, ¢ the lucidity of the saved info and understanding, ¢ the efficient forwarding of the knowledge independent around the human subject, ¢ even more visual display of the salvaged information through the multi-media components, ¢ more efficient method of the information and knowledge forwarding independent of the space, time and subject matter. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This kind of paper was supported by the investigation project with the Czech Ministry of Education No .

MSM 6046070904 without. 2C06004. SOURCES eLearning Africa: http://www. elearning-africa. com Formatkenya: http://www. formatkenya. org/report2004/ format2004 Giarratano T., Riley G. (1998): Professional systems ” principles and programming, PWS Publishing Com-pany, Boston. Holsapple C. W, Whinston A. B. (1996): Decision Support Systems: A Knowledge-based Way. West Posting Co., Minneapolis, MN. Jablonsky I., Sasek V. (2006): Jedle a lecive houby. Brazda, Praha. Jablonsky We. (2007): Personal communication http://sweb. cz/i. jablonsky/zampiony. Kontis: http://onlinelearning. kontis. net/uvod_prinos. sp ÜBER Media Lab: http://laptop. multimedia. mit. edu/ Oei P. (1996): Mushroom cultivation with special focus on appropriate techniques for developing countries. Tool Publ., Amsterodam. Quimio T. L., Chang H. T., Royse D. J. (1990): Specialized Guidelines pertaining to Mushroom Growing in the Tro-pics. FAO Flower Production and Protection Paper 106, Rome, Italy. Internet World Stats http:/www. internetworldstats. com Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/expert_system Received for distribution on Summer 20, 3 years ago Accepted pertaining to publication in October 12-15, 2007 122 AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA VOL. 40 (3) 2007 Tab.: Mushroom production in China (2002) (Jablonsky, 2007) Species Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) Lentinula Aricularia Agaricus Volvariella Flammulina Tremella Hypzisicus Pholiota nameko Coprinus P. eryngii Amount (tons) 2 488 000 2 228 000 1 654 000 you 330 000 197 500 557 000 183 000 242 000 171 000 177 1000 114 000 Tab. 2: World Internet usage and population (Internet World Statistics, 2007) World Regions Africa Asia The european union Middle East North America Human population (2007 Est. ) 933, 448, 292 3, 712, 527, 624 809, 624, 686 193, 452, 727 334, 538, 018 Net Usage, Most recent Data thirty-three, 421, 800 409, 421, 115 319, 092, 225 19, 424, 700 230, 987, 282 % Human population (Penetration) several. 11. 0 39. 4 10. 0 69. 0 Usage % of Globe 2 . being unfaithful 36. zero 28. 2 1 . six 20. 4 Usage Growth 2000″2007 (%) 640. three or more 258. 2 203. six 491. 5 113. six 14000 12000 10000 eight thousand 6000 4,000 2000 zero World China Fig. 1: Comparison of development in Chinese suppliers and in the earth (Jablonsky, 2007) 123 LABRANZA TROPICA AINSI QUE SUBTROPICA VOLUME. 40 (3) 2007 Fig. 2: Photo of $22.99 laptop intended for developing countries (MIT Media Laboratory, 2007) Expert system Facts Competence Database (facts) Fig. several: Basic plan of a typical qualified system Knowledge base Justification facilities CONSUMER User interface

Inference engine Expert eLearning PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM Expertise base CUSTOMER information understanding methods experince technigues Fig. 4: Standard scheme of the proposed answer 124 AGRICULTURA TROPICA OU SUBTROPICA VOLUME. 40 (3) 2007 Fig. 5: The realized prototype of the expert eLearning for the oyster mushroom growing Program: Are the fruit bodies in the oyster mushrooms miss created? Answer of user (mushroom grower): System: Have the fruits bodies the long stipes? Answer of user (mushroom grower): System: Have the fresh fruit bodies dwarfed huts? Answer of user (mushroom grower):

System: Carry out they look like on the picture? Answer of user (mushroom grower): System: I conclude: cause is insufficient lighting of culture during advancement fruit physiques. Recommendation: Evaluate intensity of illumination and regulate the corresponding strength. Fig. 6th: Example of the expert appointment of the oyster mushroom growing problems Corresponding author: Dr . Ing. Vostrovsky V. Czech University of Life Savoir Prague Teachers of Economics and Supervision Department info Engineering 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic [emailprotected] pef. czu. cz 125

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